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Figuring out the bearing capacity of the combined stacked raft foundation having a modified equivalent raft method.
Raft Foundation
It’s suggested for an additional purposes:
Bearing capacity of soil is low,
it’s employed for large loads.
Kinds of foundations
shallow deep
supervisor: Dr Grzegorz Kacprzak
sincere thanks to: Dr Mirosaw Bukowski
Figuring out the bearing capacity of the combined stacked raft foundation having a modified equivalent raft method.
by – Tomasz Daktera
footings
raft
piles
diaphragm walls
ground reinforcement methods

1. skin friction resistance
2. finish bearing resistance
Stresses in piles will always be adopted by settlements.
Clearly – the greater load – the bigger settlement.
Advantages:
It takes little excavation,
economic because of mixture of foundation and floor slab
Foundations.
Bearing capacity of piles and pile foundations – PN-83
Capacity of piles are calculated for settlements for example s=.1D
D- diameter from the pile.
General layout
intro
description of deep foundations
couple of words about piles
couple of words about raft foundations
the concept behind the CPRF
CPRF – the start
Polish code assumptions when calculating a pile group
My thesis – steps to make these calculations more exact
My assumptions
My calculations and results
Exactly what do I have left
future?

strip footing
pad footing
raft foundation
DSM posts
Stacked foundation
moored diaphragm wall
Spreads the load from the building on the large place to lessen the bearing pressures around the soil.
Resistance forces functioning on piles
The concept behind the CPRF
Stresses in piles will always be adopted by settlements.
Clearly – the greater load – the bigger settlement.

Capacity of piles are calculated for settlements for example s=.1D
D- diameter from the pile.
Overlapping Zones of Influence inside a Frictional Pile Group
Much deeper Zone of Influence for Finish-Bearing Pile Group compared to just one Pile
piles
raft
CPRF
ALL piles are made with similar assumptions:

same m1 coefficient for the entire pile group
results
same period of all piles
in
OPTIMIZATION?
Assumption I’ve designed for my optimization:
The earth beneath the raft displaces through the same amount because the raft.
cell
Due to the arching
The friction around the shafts isn’t activated overall perimeter.
Admissible bearing capacity from the interior pile:
(just like in PN-83)
Admissible bearing capacity from the corner pile:
Thesis:
May, 2014
key phrase:
interaction!
Admissible bearing capacity from the edge pile:
Le bearing capacity from the whole pile group:
amount of the bearing capacities of every pile as well as the earth found in the cell locked among the piles.
evaluating my leads to that relating to the EC7.
R
d
– calculated bearing capacity using the equivalent raft method.
1,3- partial factor for model and interaction incertitude
1,1 – partial factor in regards to the bearing capacity of the bottom of the friction around the shaft.
Introduction
COST ANALYSIS
SOIL
FOUNDATION
right TECHNOLOGY
under estimate
over estimate
collapse?
lose the tender?
cohesive
non-cohesive
high/low level
thickness of layers
Introduction
theory
of elasticity
comparison happen to be done
plastic
consolidation
settlements
DSM
changes
Ground Reinforcement methods

Jet Grouting
Stacked foundations
low bearing capacity of soil
non accessibility to proper bearing stratum at shallow depths.
heavy loads – not economical or achievable for any other kind of foundation.
Adopted generally within the following situations:
Various kinds of piles
Pile installation is as essential as design.
we’ve 2 ways of installation:
by driving
by boring
reference:
-driven pre-cast pile
-driven cast-in-situ pile
-bored pre-cast pile
-bored cast-in-situ
Ways of pile driving:
– shedding weight
– vibration
– explosion
generally with reinforcement
Advantages versus. disadvantages
could be inspected for quality
not prone to necking
are affected unseen domage
cohesive soil – impossible!
Driven pre cast piles:
Driven cast in-situ piles:
enlarged base possible
length may be easily adjusted
no inspection possible
noise and vibration
Bored and cast in-situ piles:
very lengthy depths
large diameter
concrete can’t be inspected
can’t be extended above walk out
Malbork – black oak piles (1278)
Venice – carefully spaced wooden piles (726)
The rafts stiffness is sufficient to visualize that piles are now being loaded with similar pressure.
An arching is produced due to the compression forces within the cell.
Silo method – Jenssen

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