Transcript and Presenter’s Notes
Title: Dissertation Defense
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Dissertation Defense
- Turning Information into Action Assessing and
Reporting GIS Metadata Integrity Using Integrated
Computing Technologies
Timothy Mulrooney
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Outline
- GIS Metadata Background
- The Issue
- Research Questions
- Methodology
- Testing and Results
- Conclusion
- Discussion
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GIS Data Details
- Most data possess a spatial element
- Most pricey element of GIS is data
development
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What’s Metadata?
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How Maybe you have Create These Data?
So What Can These Data Represent?
How can you Make contact with the one which
Manages the information?
When Were These Data Printed?
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The Issue
- Within the Single Metadata File
- Greater than 400 Elements
- 7 FGDC (according to CSDGM) Needed Elements
- 15 FGDC Recommended Elements
- 21 Other Interesting Elements
- These work
- 120 Databases
- 50 110 layers per database
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Research Questions
- How can mathematical methods affect GIS
metadata to help the choice making process?
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Methodology
- Idea came to exist from mass population and extraction of
metadata values - Used ArcObjects/VBA
- Previous metadata extraction restricted to
- software applications
- operating-system
- Why done regularly?
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Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool (MART)
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Data Preparation
- Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting
Language) - Perl extracts facets of various XML metadata
files and puts them into single CSV file
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FGDC Compliancy
- Test FGDC Compliancy
- Used Perl to determine if appropriate metadata
elements were populated
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Data Analysis
- What descriptive metrics can best affect
GIS metadata? - Temporal Mean
- Temporal Median
- Converted big Endian format (ISO 8601) to ratio
number, performed calculations then to
date
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Data Analysis
- Use Perl and R programming language to
dynamically assess quantitative and qualitative
metadata fields - R could be a language and atmosphere for record
computing and graphics
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Is due to this Analysis
Average Horizontal Precision 104.3
Meters Temporal Mean 20020402
Average Horizontal Precision 31.7
Meters Temporal Mean 20071002
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Supervised Techniques
- Custom application acquainted with query database
containing metadata information - PHP language and MySQL database to question
specifics of all data layers using web
interface - Enables you to definitely slowly move the buying process
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Not viewed Data Mining Techniques
- Manner of sorting through immeasureable understanding
to be able to choose relevant information - Rule Induction (Association Rule Mining)
- Uncover interesting relationships between
variables - Beer and Diapers example
- Integrate existing Perl ARM module with custom
application to produce transaction table from
which rules are derived.
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Transaction Table Creation
- Decomposition in the 2-dimensional array into
1-dimension. For 890 layers and 43 attributes,
you will observe 38,270 transactions - The easiest method to express quantitative values in nominal or
ordinal atmosphere (low, medium, high, location) - The easiest method to express categorical data within
transaction table
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MARTO-XML
- XML Standard acquainted with describe output from
analysis (Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool
Output)
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Data Rendering
- Solutions are printed inside a web site
- Modules tied together using batch files
- New data and graphs are produced round the schedule
- Old data are archived
- New links established
- Saved and referenced from legacy XML files
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Testing
- Human Testing of 40 respondents using real GIS
data on MART - GIS professionals navigate is due to analysis
in web atmosphere - Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) acquainted with assess
the effectiveness of fractional laser treatments
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Testing Atmosphere
- GIS database of 890 individual data layers
- Ran and printed output all aforementioned
modules - Surveyed 40 respondents for opinions across the
applications convenience, effectiveness, potential
utility along with the intention to make use of the program
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Testing FGDC Compliancy
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Temporal and Horizontal Precision
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Supervised Techiques
- Database from 890 data layers was queried having a
web interface produced using PHP and dynamically
produced HTML form elements - Output was printed within the tabular HTML table with
records satisfying the information query being printed
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Not viewed Techniques
- Search for patterns within the large transaction
table within the support, confidence and strength - Used an assistance Quantity of 2 (getting an assistance level
of four, there’d be than 526,00 rules) - For support level 2 and confidence of .7 (1
antecedent and 1 consequence), 6204 rules were
produced - Solutions are printed within the .txt file
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Sample Rules Produced
- 67 1.000 Place_KeyNorth_Carolina gt
GeoidNOT_FOUND - 508 .992 Place_KeyForsyth_County gt
Publication_DateMedium - 32 .800 LocationNorthwest gt Publication_DateOl
d - 353 1.000 Data_ThemePublic_Safety gt
EllipsoidNOT_FOUND - 14 .824 Data_ThemeWetlands gt
Publication_DateUnknown - These rules together with supervised techniques
can dictate allocation of sources and decisions
later on
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Testing
- Technology Acceptance Model
- Uses survey-based queries to distinguish
relationship in the technologys - Perceived Convenience (PEOU)
- Perceived Effectiveness (PU)
- Attitude Towards Using (ATTIUDE)
- Intention to make use of (ITU)
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TAM Model Used
- H1 Perceived Convenience for MART includes a
major effect across the Perceived Effectiveness of
MART. - H2 Perceived Convenience for MART includes a
major effect across the Attitude Towards Using
MART - H3 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
major effect across the Attitude Towards Using
MART. - H4 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
major impact on Intention to make use of MART. - H5 Attitude towards using MART includes a
major impact on Intention to make use of MART.
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TAM Question
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Precursory Analysis of individuals Taking Test
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Is due to Respondents
- People responded most positively towards the simplicity
use - Least positively for your intention to make use of
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Hypothesis Testing
- After performing Chronbachs alpha to discover
reliability and PCA to describe variance,
ideas were tested from categories of question
present in general market trends.
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Hypothesis Testing
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Hypothesis Testing
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Explanation of Hypothesis Testing
- H3 not recognized Strong correlation between
Perceived Convenience and Attitude Towards Using.
Perceived Convenience is much more in the adding
factor for your Attitude Towards Using than
Perceived Effectiveness. - H5 not recognized Respondents impression about
free atmosphere in position to make use of
MART, but was recognized at roughly 70 CI.
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Conclusions
- Growing schism between data creation that is
assessment - Metadata reinforces qc and quality
assurance procedures utilized by a company - We wish a method so everybody can assess various
size metadata quickly - MART serves to be able to evaluate GIS metadata
- MART provides a forum so users can speak with
GIS metadata through getting an finish reason for supporting
business decisions which ultimately save your time and
money
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Conclusions
- Quantitative metadata elements for example FGDC
compliancy, date and horizontal precision may be
assessed using programming languages for example R
and Perl - Users can search GIS metadata using supervised
techniques employing a web interface - Association Rule Mining is pertinent to GIS
metadata - If given an option, users choose to query GIS
metadata as opposed to receiving is due to
not viewed techniques - Using TAM, 3 from 5 research ideas
supported at 95 CI - According to user feedback, the implementation or
interest in MART and free atmosphere within
their It had been the best hindrance having a users
intention to make use of MART
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Discussion
- Integration of MART along with other types of
geo-referenced data - Remotely thought data and ortho-imagery
(Laboratory for Advanced It
and Standards) - TINs
- Topologies
- Relationship Classes
- Stand-alone tables
- Metadata and proprietary format
- Usability with current GIS software
- VBA / ArcObjects to alter metadata in BLOB
format to XML for ESRI software - Various Accuracies within MART
- Temporal and Horizontal
- Attribute
- Logical Consistency
- Semantic
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Discussion
- Interestingness problem
- 6,204 rules at support level 2 and confidence of
.7 - Cardinality of understanding
- 43 attributes. 6,204 rules
- 6 attributes. 73 rules
- Attributes selected were Data Theme, Location,
Horizontal Precision, Publication Date,
Responsible Party, Metadata POC - TAM Methodology different types and ideas
might be suggested - Presentation of not viewed techniques to a text
file. Web atmosphere is a lot more helpful - Knowledge of outdoors source atmosphere
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- Questions or Comments?
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Decomposition of XML File Using Perl
- metadata”r01_Data_Set_Title” gt
“idinfo_citation_citeinfo_title” - When using the following command
- traverse all files
- foreach filename (_at_files)
- filename s////g change all forward
slashes to back-slashed to enhance proper
navigation - print “nn. Decomposing “,
basename(filename), “. n” - Create structure to traverse XML schema.
Before going for the following value, however, - we have to reset the hash value.
- tree XMLin(filename)
- metadata”rMissing” ”
- metadata”fileName” filename
- metadata”sMissing” ”
- foreach key (sort keys SearchList)
- print “key SearchListkeyn”
- Item FindItem(SearchListkey)
- print “Item Itemnn”
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National Mapping Precision Standards
For Scales 120,000 or greater .033 inches
Proportions of Map For Scales 120,000 or lower .02
inches Proportions of Map
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Sample Output from Supervised Techniques
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Chronbachs Alpha
Chronbachs alpha is computed using the amount of
respondents within the set, the variance within the data
and mean within the covariance between everyone of
the set. While there’s no universal threshold
to uncover data consistency, Hair et. al.
(1998) recommended minimum threshold between .6
and .7. According to Table 10, one of individuals values
(Perceived Convenience) is between .6 and .7
while two values (Perceived Effectiveness and
Attitude Towards Using) are between .7 and .8.
The Chronbachs Alpha constant for the Intention
to make use of component is .807, that’s considered
excellent (Nunnally 1978). Given these values,
it may be surmised the questions posed for
the respondent ser
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Principal Components
To assist be aware of individual factors that
increase the risk for potential inconsistency,
principal component analysis was performed on
all of the individual queries to help
determine their potential contribution for that
variability within the observed results. Four
factors were calculated, while using different
areas of the study tips to become
tested. After rotation, the Perceived Easy
Use considered 56.33 within the variance. The
Perceived Effectiveness components consider
11.93, Attitude Towards Using considered
9.24 since the Intention to make use of factor accounted
for 7.04. Table 11 shows these items and factor
loadings for the individual factors. Finally,
another fundamental correlations were run between
potentially dependent factors for example sex and age
to assist determine their potential contribution to
the outcome. However, no significant correlation
was discovered between participants age, gender and
even self-described GIS experience versus
dependent variables for example Perceived Easy
use, Perceived Effectiveness, Attitude and Intention
to make use of which is based in the TAM analysis.
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Potential RS Attributes
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