This can be a guide crafting references meant for reference lists formatted based on the Harvard style for a number of documents.

Books with one Author

Include (if available): author’s surname and name year of publication title edition (otherwise first) host to publication and writer.

Example
Bryman, Alan. 2008. Social research methods. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Oxford: Oxford College Press.

Books with several Authors

Fabozzi, Frank J. Modigliani, Franco and Johnson, Frank J. 2010. Foundations of monetary markets and institutions. fourth erectile dysfunction. Boston: Prentice Hall.

Books which have editors (Anthologies)

For edited books include (erectile dysfunction.) or (eds.) between the specific editor and year of publication – as with the instance.

Example:
Allen, Jeffner and Youthful, Iris Marion (eds.). 1989. The thinking muse: feminism and modern French philosophy. Bloomington: Indiana College Press.

E-books

Exactly the same information ought to be provided for printed books, see examples above. For books which have been read or downloaded from the library website or bookshop you need to add some information that it’s an e-book in the finish from the reference.

Example:
Bowen, Natasha K. and Guo, Shenyang. 2012. Structural equation modeling. New You are able to: Oxford College Press. E-book.

Some books whose have expired are occasionally freely available online (They’re within the public domain.). In individuals cases you need to add some complete URL (http ://. ) or even the link supplied by the writer as well as your date of access, the date you downloaded/browse the book.
It’s permitted, and often suggested to own Hyperlink to the website, e.g. books.google.se/. as opposed to a very lengthy URL that points straight to it.

Cruz, Daniel. 1902. Memory of the tree festival. Hamburg: Sommer Publishing. world wide web.treesandplantsmemoriesinsummer (Utilized 2012-05-21).

Strindberg, August. 1912. Three plays: countess Julie the Outlaw the More powerful. Boston: Worldwide pocket library. books.google.se/ (Utilized 2012-05-21).

Book Chapters

Include (if available): Surname(s) and name(s) of author(s) of book chapter. Year of publication. Title of book chapter. In first and family name(s) of editor(s) and erectile dysfunction(s) in brackets. Title of book. Edition (otherwise 1:st). Host to publication: writer, page figures of chapter.

Malmberg, Anders. 2003. Past the cluster: local milieus and global connections. In Jamie Peck and Henry Wai-chung Yeung (eds.). Remaking the worldwide Economy. London: Sage Publications, 145-162.

Journal Articles

Include (if available): Surname(s) and name(s) of author(s). Year of publication. Title of article. Journal name Volume (issue): page figures of article.

Examples:
Lundmark, Linda. 2005. Economic restructuring into tourism within the Swedish mountain range. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 5 (1): 23–45.

Graham, Elspeth and Boyle, Paul. 2001. Editorial introduction:(re)theorising population geography: mapping the unfamiliar. Worldwide Journal of Population Geography 7 (6): 389-394.

Electronic Journal Articles

Same information incorporated for journal articles (see example above) along with a DOI-number. DOI (Digital Object Identifier) can be used to distinctively identify an item just like an electronic article.

DOI-figures are permanent, which assists you to easily locate articles whether or not the URL of this article has altered. Content is assigned DOI-figures by major academic publishers. If there’s no DOI-number you need to provide the URL-link of this article and perhaps access date (mainly articles which are freely available online). The writer frequently states crafting the reference.
Examples:

Lundmark, Linda. 2005. Economic restructuring into tourism within the Swedish mountain range. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 5 (1): 23–45. doi: 10.1080/15022250510014273.

Larsen, James E. and Blair, John P. 2009. The significance of police performance like a determinant of satisfaction with police. American Journal of Financial aspects and Business 1 (1): 1-10. world wide web.scipub.org/fulltext/ajeba/ajeba111-10.pdf (Utilized 2010-09-29).

Newspaper Articles

Include (if available): author of article. Year of publication. Title of article. Name of paper or magazine. Day and month of this article
Example:
Jowit, Juliette. 2010. Corporate lobbying is blocking food reforms, senior United nations official warns. Protector. 22 September.

Newspaper articles on the internet

Same informaton for a printed article (see above) and Link to article and date of access in brackets. When the URL is extremely lengthy it may be sufficient to make use of the Link to the newspaper e.g world wide web.time.com/time/.
Jowit, Juliette. 2010. Corporate lobbying is blocking food reforms, senior United nations official warns. Protector. 22 September. world wide web.protector.co.united kingdom/atmosphere/2010/sep/22/food-firms-lobbying-samuel-jutzi (Utilized 2010-09-30).

Webpages, Blogs and Twitter

Include (if available): author, organization, authority or company. Last update of web site (year). Title of document or page. Name of site or who owns site. Complete URL (. ) (Access date).

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2010. Health: OECD states governments must fight fat. world wide web.oecd.org/document/35/,3343,en_21571361_44315115_46064099_1_1_1_1,00.html
(Utilized 2010-10-10).

For blog records and twitter messages condition day and month of publish:

Examples:
Enever, Jesse. 2015. A tentative take on primary language education policy in India. Forskarbloggen [Blog]. 7 March. blogg.umu.se/forskarbloggen/2015/03/a-tentative-view-on-primary-language-education-policy-in-india/ (Utilized 2015-08-14).

Fllstrm, Anders. 2015. Less topics in greater depth. #mathematics #Math Singapore math skills accumulate in the western world cnb.cx/1M3BgPX. [Twitter]. 15 This summer. https://twitter.com/hyperconvex/status/621212215006392320 (Utilized 2015-08-14).

Encyclopedias/Dictionaries

For articles/records in online encyclopedias include (if available): author of article, year of publication, title of article, name of encyclopedia complete URL (. ) and date of access. If there’s no author, make use of the title from the entry or article first.

Example:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 2010. Encyclopedia Britannica. world wide web.britannica.com/EBchecked/subject/142824/Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease (Utilized 2010-10-30).

Dissertations

Include details about college of graduation and title of degree.

Example:
Eckerberg, Katarina. 1987. Ecological protection in Swedish forestry: research from the implementation process. Ph.D. diss. Ume College.

Landstrm, Mats. 2009. Two essays on Central Bank independence reforms. Lic. diss. Ume College.

An average referens for an digitally printed thesis:
Abramowicz, Konrad. 2011. Statistical analysis for random processes and fields and related design problems. Diss. (Comprehensive summary), Ume College. urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46156 (Utilized 12-01-30).

Conference Proceedings

Lectures/presentations at conferences and workshops are printed in anthologies known as proceedings. Title, year and town of conference should be incorporated if known. Individual contributions to conference proceedings, if printed within their totality (not abstract only) are treated as chapters in magazines.

Hall, C. Michael. 2007. North-south perspectives on tourism, regional development and peripheral areas. In Dieter K. Mller and Bruno Jansson (eds.), Tourism in peripheries. perspectives in the south and north. 19-38. Perspectives on tourism in Nordic along with other peripheral areas, 2004, Ume. Wallingford: CABI.

Sometimes individuals contributions which are only symbolized by abstracts within the proceedings are printed in journals. You need to in these instances not refere towards the abstract within the proceeding but fully article within the journal where it had been printed.

Illustrations (photographs, figures, diagrams, tables etc.)

Illustrations produced by other medication is frequently paid by . In individuals cases you’ll need permission in the owner before you you apply the illustrations inside your text. If at all possible always condition the creator from the illustration within the reference list.

Lennver, Anders. 2012. Night against stalling [Photography]. world wide web.ub.umu.se/nightagainstprocrastion/ (Utilized 2016-04-05).

Condition the specific illustrator if diverse from the writer from the work. If available offer page quantity of the illustration:

Hazel, Edward. 2015. Prague during the day [Photography]. In S. Manley. Czech photography within the twenty-first century. Prague: Fall Publishing, 32.

For those who have viewed a picture of the thing of beauty online, you need to reference it as being a web-based image, whatever the original medium. If at all possible condition the specific artist and also the collection:

Turner, Frederick. 1839. The Fighting Temeraire [Oil painting]. The Nation’s Gallery [online]. world wide web. nationalgallery.org.united kingdom/works of art/josephmallord-william-turner-the-fightingtemeraire (Utilized 2016-04-05).

Personal Communication

Personal communication includes more informal sources: e.g. letters, e-mails, telephone calls or conversations. Permission ought to be searched for before these sources are quoted, along with a copy retained for reference. For those who have guaranteed an interviewee anonymity you have to keep that advertise. You’ll find more details about laws and regulations for research at CODEX. world wide web.codex.uu.se/en/index.shtml

Please be aware that personal communication may also be not incorporated within the reference list because the sources normally aren’t traceable. In individuals cases details about personal communication are supplied only within the footnotes Seek advice from your teacher/supervisor if you’re uncertain!

A mention of the personal communication will include just as much information as you possibly can name, profession/position, year, information on personal communication date (day and month)

Svensson, Anna student at Ume college. 2010. Interview 11 May.

Informant 1: Grammar school, Ume. 2010. 12 boys and 12 women, individual interviews 9 May.

Cruz, Veronica Professor in the department of physics, Ume College. 2010. Northern lights, lecture 12 March.

Please be aware that e-mail addresses owned by individuals must only get offers for when the owner has provided permission.

Lee, Oscar. 2008. E-mail 13 May. oscar.lee@umu.se .

Tv programs

Title. Year. Transmitting organisation/funnel. Time and date of transmission. URL.

A part of a set:

Antikrundan. Ssong 26, avsnitt 10. 2015. Sveriges television, svt1, 12 mars. world wide web.svtplay.se/video/2750826

TV-program from UR-play:

Makt och maktlshet. 2015. UR Play, Kunskapskanalen. 9 april, 15:30. urplay.se/Produkter/181494-Var-samiska-kamp-Makt-och-maktloshet

TV-program via UR access:

UR Samtiden – Hur kan uttagerande barn bemtas? 2011. Kunskapskanalen. uraccess.se/products/162607

UR Samtiden – Samiska veckan 2015: Sprkliga frbud. 2015. Kunskapskanalen. 14 april, kl. 16:00. uraccess.se/products/188771

Recorded lecture/presentation/speech/interview

Include if available: Last and first names of speaker or equivalent. Year of speech. Title of speech. [online]. Writer. Complete URL (. ) and date of access.

When the writer informs you the way to site the lecture, use their recommended reference and merely determine it conforms towards the Harvard rules. See for instance Henry Stewart Talks (offered by our page for Audiovisual media ).

a) as lecture/speech:

Satyarthi, Kailash. 2015. Steps to make peace? Get angry. [online]. TED talks. world wide web.ted.com/talks/kailash_satyarthi_how_to_make_peace_get_angry (Utilized: 2015-05-03).

b) as movie:

TED talks. 2015, mars. Steps to make peace? Get angry. [online]. [Utilized: 2015-04-14] world wide web.ted.com/talks/kailash_satyarthi_how_to_make_peace_get_angry

HarvardBusiness. 2008. Innovate Like Google. [online]. world wide web.youtube.com/watch?v=QOioQxtJ4gI (Utilized: 2014-05-05).

Secondary Sources

To cite a resource from the secondary source is to be prevented, as you are envisioned having browse the works you cite. If your primary source (original source) isn’t available you can utilize secondary sources. Only details about the secondary source would seem within the reference list. Within the example below you’ve read Bob Smith’s book “Democracy” printed 1981 where he on-page 72 cites Tom Small’s book “Civil legal rights” printed 1832:

Cruz, Bob. 1981. Civil legal rights. Berlin: Herbst Verlag.