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Transcript and Presenter’s Notes

Title: Dissertation Defense

1
Dissertation Defense

  • Turning Information into Action Assessing and
    Reporting GIS Metadata Integrity Using Integrated
    Computing Technologies

Timothy Mulrooney

2
Outline

  • GIS Metadata Background
  • The Issue
  • Research Questions
  • Methodology
  • Testing and Results
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion

3
GIS Data Details

  • Most data possess a spatial element
  • Most costly element of GIS is data
    development

4
What’s Metadata?
Drunk driving in Winston-Salem
How Have you Create These Data?
Exactly What Do These Data Represent?
How do i Make contact with the one who
Manages the information?
When Were These Data Printed?
5
The Issue

  • Inside a Single Metadata File
  • Greater than 400 Elements
  • 7 FGDC (according to CSDGM) Needed Elements
  • 15 FGDC Recommended Elements
  • 21 Other Interesting Elements
  • These work
  • 120 Databases
  • 50 110 layers per database

6
Research Questions

  • Just how can mathematical methods be relevant to GIS
    metadata to aid the choice making process?

7
Methodology

  • Idea came about from mass population and extraction of
    metadata values
  • Used ArcObjects/VBA
  • Previous metadata extraction restricted to
  • software program
  • operating-system
  • Why done regularly?

8
Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool (MART)
9
Data Preparation

  • Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting
    Language)
  • Perl extracts components from various XML metadata
    files and puts them into single CSV file

10
FGDC Compliancy

  • Test FGDC Compliancy
  • Used Perl to see if appropriate metadata
    elements were populated

11
Data Analysis

  • What descriptive metrics can best be relevant to
    GIS metadata?
  • Temporal Mean
  • Temporal Median
  • Converted big Endian format (ISO 8601) to ratio
    number, performed calculations after which to
    date

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12
Data Analysis

  • Use Perl and R programming language to
    dynamically assess quantitative and qualitative
    metadata fields
  • R is really a language and atmosphere for record
    computing and graphics

13
Is a result of this Analysis
Average Horizontal Precision 104.3
Meters Temporal Mean 20020402
Average Horizontal Precision 31.7
Meters Temporal Mean 20071002
14
Supervised Techniques

  • Custom application accustomed to query database
    that contains metadata information
  • PHP language and MySQL database to question
    details about all data layers using web
    interface
  • Helps you to advice the making decisions process

15
Without supervision Data Mining Techniques

  • Procedure for sorting through considerable amounts of information
    to be able to choose relevant information
  • Rule Induction (Association Rule Mining)
  • Uncover interesting relationships between
    variables
  • Beer and Diapers example
  • Integrate existing Perl ARM module with custom
    application to produce transaction table from
    which rules are derived.

16
Transaction Table Creation

  • Decomposition of the 2-dimensional array into
    1-dimension. For 890 layers and 43 attributes,
    you will see 38,270 transactions
  • How you can express quantitative values in nominal or
    ordinal atmosphere (low, medium, high, location)
  • How you can express categorical data within
    transaction table

17
MARTO-XML

  • XML Standard accustomed to describe output from
    analysis (Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool
    Output)

18
Data Rendering

  • Answers are printed inside a web site
  • Modules tied together using batch files
  • New data and graphs are produced on the schedule
  • Old data are archived
  • New links established
  • Saved and referenced from legacy XML files

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19
Testing

  • Human Testing of 40 respondents using real GIS
    data on MART
  • GIS professionals navigate is a result of analysis
    in web atmosphere
  • Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) accustomed to assess
    the potency of fraxel treatments

20
Testing Atmosphere

  • GIS database of 890 individual data layers
  • Ran and printed output all aforementioned
    modules
  • Surveyed 40 respondents for his or her opinions around the
    applications simplicity of use, effectiveness, potential
    utility and also the intention to make use of the program

21
Testing FGDC Compliancy
22
Temporal and Horizontal Precision
23
Supervised Techiques

  • Database from 890 data layers was queried utilizing a
    web interface produced using PHP and dynamically
    produced HTML form elements
  • Output was printed inside a tabular HTML table with
    records satisfying the information query being printed

24
Without supervision Techniques

  • Search for patterns inside a large transaction
    table inside a support, confidence and strength
  • Used an assistance Degree of 2 (having a support level
    of four, there’d become more than 526,00 rules)
  • For support level 2 and confidence of .7 (1
    antecedent and 1 consequence), 6204 rules were
    produced
  • Answers are printed inside a .txt file

25
Sample Rules Produced

  • 67 1.000 Place_KeyNorth_Carolina gt
    GeoidNOT_FOUND
  • 508 .992 Place_KeyForsyth_County gt
    Publication_DateMedium
  • 32 .800 LocationNorthwest gt Publication_DateOl
    d
  • 353 1.000 Data_ThemePublic_Safety gt
    EllipsoidNOT_FOUND
  • 14 .824 Data_ThemeWetlands gt
    Publication_DateUnknown
  • These rules coupled with supervised techniques
    can dictate allocation of sources and decisions
    later on

26
Testing

  • Technology Acceptance Model
  • Uses survey-based inquiries to distinguish
    relationship from a technologys
  • Perceived Simplicity of use (PEOU)
  • Perceived Effectiveness (PU)
  • Attitude Towards Using (ATTIUDE)
  • Intention to make use of (ITU)

27
TAM Model Used

  • H1 Perceived Simplicity of use for MART includes a
    important effect around the Perceived Effectiveness of
    MART.
  • H2 Perceived Simplicity of use for MART includes a
    important effect around the Attitude Towards Using
    MART
  • H3 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
    important effect around the Attitude Towards Using
    MART.
  • H4 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
    important effect on Intention to make use of MART.
  • H5 Attitude towards using MART includes a
    important effect on Intention to make use of MART.

28
TAM Question
29
Precursory Analysis of individuals Taking Test
30
Is a result of Respondents

  • People responded most positively to the simplicity of
    use
  • Least positively for the intention to make use of

31
Hypothesis Testing

  • After performing Chronbachs alpha to determine
    reliability and PCA to describe variance,
    ideas were tested from categories of question
    utilized in market research.

32
Hypothesis Testing
33
Hypothesis Testing
34
Explanation of Hypothesis Testing

  • H3 not recognized Strong correlation between
    Perceived Simplicity of use and Attitude Towards Using.
    Perceived Simplicity of use is much more of the adding
    factor for the Attitude Towards Using than
    Perceived Effectiveness.
  • H5 not recognized Respondents impression about
    free atmosphere in position to apply
    MART, but was recognized at approximately 70 CI.

35
Conclusions

  • Growing schism between data creation and it is
    assessment
  • Metadata reinforces qc and quality
    assurance procedures utilized by a company
  • We want a method so everybody can assess various
    size of metadata on time
  • MART serves in an effort to evaluate GIS metadata
  • MART supplies a forum so users can communicate with
    GIS metadata by having an finish objective of supporting
    business decisions which ultimately save your time and
    money

36
Conclusions

  • Quantitative metadata elements for example FGDC
    compliancy, date and horizontal precision could be
    assessed using programming languages for example R
    and Perl
  • Users can search GIS metadata using supervised
    techniques using a web interface
  • Association Rule Mining does apply to GIS
    metadata
  • If given an option, users choose to query GIS
    metadata instead of receiving is a result of
    without supervision techniques
  • Using TAM, 3 from 5 research ideas
    supported at 95 CI
  • According to user feedback, the implementation or
    necessity of MART and free atmosphere within
    their It had been the greatest hindrance to some users
    intention to make use of MART

37
Discussion

  • Integration of MART along with other types of
    geo-referenced data
  • Remotely thought data and ortho-imagery
    (Laboratory for Advanced It
    and Standards)
  • TINs
  • Topologies
  • Relationship Classes
  • Stand-alone tables
  • Metadata and proprietary format
  • Usability with current GIS software
  • VBA / ArcObjects to transform metadata in BLOB
    format to XML for ESRI software
  • Various Accuracies within MART
  • Temporal and Horizontal
  • Attribute
  • Logical Consistency
  • Semantic

38
Discussion

  • Interestingness problem
  • 6,204 rules at support level 2 and confidence of
    .7
  • Cardinality of information
  • 43 attributes. 6,204 rules
  • 6 attributes. 73 rules
  • Attributes selected were Data Theme, Location,
    Horizontal Precision, Publication Date,
    Responsible Party, Metadata POC
  • TAM Methodology different types and ideas
    might be suggested
  • Presentation of without supervision approaches to a text
    file. Web atmosphere might be more helpful
  • Knowledge of outdoors source atmosphere

39

  • Questions or Comments?

40
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42
Decomposition of XML File Using Perl

  • metadata”r01_Data_Set_Title” gt
    “idinfo_citation_citeinfo_title”
  • While using following command
  • traverse all files
  • foreach filename (_at_files)
  • filename s////g change all forward
    slashes to back-slashed to match proper
    navigation
  • print “nn. Decomposing “,
    basename(filename), “. n”
  • Create structure to traverse XML schema.
    Before you go to the following value, however,
  • we have to reset the hash value.
  • tree XMLin(filename)
  • metadata”rMissing” ”
  • metadata”fileName” filename
  • metadata”sMissing” ”
  • foreach key (sort keys SearchList)
  • print “key SearchListkeyn”
  • Item FindItem(SearchListkey)
  • print “Item Itemnn”

43
National Mapping Precision Standards
For Scales 120,000 or greater .033 inches
Proportions of Map For Scales 120,000 or lower .02
inches Proportions of Map
44
Sample Output from Supervised Techniques
45
Chronbachs Alpha
Chronbachs alpha is computed using the amount of
respondents within the set, the variance from the data
and mean from the covariance between all people of
the set. While there’s no universal threshold
to find out data consistency, Hair et. al.
(1998) recommended the absolute minimum threshold between .6
and .7. According to Table 10, only one of those values
(Perceived Simplicity of use) is between .6 and .7
while two values (Perceived Effectiveness and
Attitude Towards Using) are between .7 and .8.
The Chronbachs Alpha constant for that Intention
to make use of component is .807, that is considered
excellent (Nunnally 1978). Given these values,
it may be surmised the questions posed for
the respondent ser
46
Principal Components
To assist comprehend the individual factors that
lead to the potential inconsistency,
principal component analysis was performed on
each one of the individual inquiries to help
determine their potential contribution towards the
variability from the observed results. Four
factors were calculated, in line with the different
aspects of the study ideas to become
tested. After rotation, the Perceived Easy
Use taken into account 56.33 from the variance. The
Perceived Effectiveness components take into account
11.93, Attitude Towards Using taken into account
9.24 as the Intention to make use of factor accounted
for 7.04. Table 11 shows the products and factor
loadings for that individual factors. Finally,
another fundamental correlations were run between
potentially dependent factors for example sex and age
to assist determine their potential contribution to
the outcomes. However, no significant correlation
was discovered between participants age, gender and
even self-described GIS experience versus
dependent variables for example Perceived Easy
use, Perceived Effectiveness, Attitude and Intention
to make use of that’ll be utilized in the TAM analysis.
47
Potential RS Attributes

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