Transcript and Presenter’s Notes

Title: Dissertation Defense

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Dissertation Defense

• Turning Information into Action Assessing and
  Reporting GIS Metadata Integrity Using Integrated
  Computing Technologies

Timothy Mulrooney

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Outline

• GIS Metadata Background
• The Issue
• Research Questions
• Methodology
• Testing and Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion

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GIS Data Details

• Most data possess a spatial element
• Most costly element of GIS is data
  development

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What’s Metadata?
Drunk driving in Winston-Salem
How Have you Create These Data?
Exactly What Do These Data Represent?
How do i Make contact with the one who
Manages the information?
When Were These Data Printed?
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The Issue

• Inside a Single Metadata File
• Greater than 400 Elements
• 7 FGDC (according to CSDGM) Needed Elements
• 15 FGDC Recommended Elements
• 21 Other Interesting Elements
• These work
• 120 Databases
• 50 110 layers per database

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Research Questions

• Just how can mathematical methods be relevant to GIS
  metadata to aid the choice making process?

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Methodology

• Idea came about from mass population and extraction of
  metadata values
• Used ArcObjects/VBA
• Previous metadata extraction restricted to
• software program
• operating-system
• Why done regularly?

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Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool (MART)
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Data Preparation

• Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting
  Language)
• Perl extracts components from various XML metadata
  files and puts them into single CSV file

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FGDC Compliancy

• Test FGDC Compliancy
• Used Perl to see if appropriate metadata
  elements were populated

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Data Analysis

• What descriptive metrics can best be relevant to
  GIS metadata?
• Temporal Mean
• Temporal Median
• Converted big Endian format (ISO 8601) to ratio
  number, performed calculations after which to
  date

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Data Analysis

• Use Perl and R programming language to
  dynamically assess quantitative and qualitative
  metadata fields
• R is really a language and atmosphere for record
  computing and graphics

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Is a result of this Analysis
Average Horizontal Precision 104.3
Meters Temporal Mean 20020402
Average Horizontal Precision 31.7
Meters Temporal Mean 20071002
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Supervised Techniques

• Custom application accustomed to query database
  that contains metadata information
• PHP language and MySQL database to question
  details about all data layers using web
  interface
• Helps you to advice the making decisions process

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Without supervision Data Mining Techniques

• Procedure for sorting through considerable amounts of information
  to be able to choose relevant information
• Rule Induction (Association Rule Mining)
• Uncover interesting relationships between
  variables
• Beer and Diapers example
• Integrate existing Perl ARM module with custom
  application to produce transaction table from
  which rules are derived.

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Transaction Table Creation

• Decomposition of the 2-dimensional array into
  1-dimension. For 890 layers and 43 attributes,
  you will see 38,270 transactions
• How you can express quantitative values in nominal or
  ordinal atmosphere (low, medium, high, location)
• How you can express categorical data within
  transaction table

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MARTO-XML

• XML Standard accustomed to describe output from
  analysis (Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool
  Output)

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Data Rendering

• Answers are printed inside a web site
• Modules tied together using batch files
• New data and graphs are produced on the schedule
• Old data are archived
• New links established
• Saved and referenced from legacy XML files

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Testing

• Human Testing of 40 respondents using real GIS
  data on MART
• GIS professionals navigate is a result of analysis
  in web atmosphere
• Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) accustomed to assess
  the potency of fraxel treatments

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Testing Atmosphere

• GIS database of 890 individual data layers
• Ran and printed output all aforementioned
  modules
• Surveyed 40 respondents for his or her opinions around the
  applications simplicity of use, effectiveness, potential
  utility and also the intention to make use of the program

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Testing FGDC Compliancy
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Temporal and Horizontal Precision
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Supervised Techiques

• Database from 890 data layers was queried utilizing a
  web interface produced using PHP and dynamically
  produced HTML form elements
• Output was printed inside a tabular HTML table with
  records satisfying the information query being printed

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Without supervision Techniques

• Search for patterns inside a large transaction
  table inside a support, confidence and strength
• Used an assistance Degree of 2 (having a support level
  of four, there’d become more than 526,00 rules)
• For support level 2 and confidence of .7 (1
  antecedent and 1 consequence), 6204 rules were
  produced
• Answers are printed inside a .txt file

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Sample Rules Produced

• 67 1.000 Place_KeyNorth_Carolina gt
  GeoidNOT_FOUND
• 508 .992 Place_KeyForsyth_County gt
  Publication_DateMedium
• 32 .800 LocationNorthwest gt Publication_DateOl
  d
• 353 1.000 Data_ThemePublic_Safety gt
  EllipsoidNOT_FOUND
• 14 .824 Data_ThemeWetlands gt
  Publication_DateUnknown
• These rules coupled with supervised techniques
  can dictate allocation of sources and decisions
  later on

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Testing

• Technology Acceptance Model
• Uses survey-based inquiries to distinguish
  relationship from a technologys
• Perceived Simplicity of use (PEOU)
• Perceived Effectiveness (PU)
• Attitude Towards Using (ATTIUDE)
• Intention to make use of (ITU)

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TAM Model Used

• H1 Perceived Simplicity of use for MART includes a
  important effect around the Perceived Effectiveness of
  MART.
• H2 Perceived Simplicity of use for MART includes a
  important effect around the Attitude Towards Using
  MART
• H3 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
  important effect around the Attitude Towards Using
  MART.
• H4 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
  important effect on Intention to make use of MART.
• H5 Attitude towards using MART includes a
  important effect on Intention to make use of MART.

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TAM Question
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Precursory Analysis of individuals Taking Test
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Is a result of Respondents

• People responded most positively to the simplicity of
  use
• Least positively for the intention to make use of

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Hypothesis Testing

• After performing Chronbachs alpha to determine
  reliability and PCA to describe variance,
  ideas were tested from categories of question
  utilized in market research.

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Hypothesis Testing
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Hypothesis Testing
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Explanation of Hypothesis Testing

• H3 not recognized Strong correlation between
  Perceived Simplicity of use and Attitude Towards Using.
  Perceived Simplicity of use is much more of the adding
  factor for the Attitude Towards Using than
  Perceived Effectiveness.
• H5 not recognized Respondents impression about
  free atmosphere in position to apply
  MART, but was recognized at approximately 70 CI.

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Conclusions

• Growing schism between data creation and it is
  assessment
• Metadata reinforces qc and quality
  assurance procedures utilized by a company
• We want a method so everybody can assess various
  size of metadata on time
• MART serves in an effort to evaluate GIS metadata
• MART supplies a forum so users can communicate with
  GIS metadata by having an finish objective of supporting
  business decisions which ultimately save your time and
  money

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Conclusions

• Quantitative metadata elements for example FGDC
  compliancy, date and horizontal precision could be
  assessed using programming languages for example R
  and Perl
• Users can search GIS metadata using supervised
  techniques using a web interface
• Association Rule Mining does apply to GIS
  metadata
• If given an option, users choose to query GIS
  metadata instead of receiving is a result of
  without supervision techniques
• Using TAM, 3 from 5 research ideas
  supported at 95 CI
• According to user feedback, the implementation or
  necessity of MART and free atmosphere within
  their It had been the greatest hindrance to some users
  intention to make use of MART

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Discussion

• Integration of MART along with other types of
  geo-referenced data
• Remotely thought data and ortho-imagery
  (Laboratory for Advanced It
  and Standards)
• TINs
• Topologies
• Relationship Classes
• Stand-alone tables
• Metadata and proprietary format
• Usability with current GIS software
• VBA / ArcObjects to transform metadata in BLOB
  format to XML for ESRI software
• Various Accuracies within MART
• Temporal and Horizontal
• Attribute
• Logical Consistency
• Semantic

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Discussion

• Interestingness problem
• 6,204 rules at support level 2 and confidence of
  .7
• Cardinality of information
• 43 attributes. 6,204 rules
• 6 attributes. 73 rules
• Attributes selected were Data Theme, Location,
  Horizontal Precision, Publication Date,
  Responsible Party, Metadata POC
• TAM Methodology different types and ideas
  might be suggested
• Presentation of without supervision approaches to a text
  file. Web atmosphere might be more helpful
• Knowledge of outdoors source atmosphere

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• Questions or Comments?

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Decomposition of XML File Using Perl

• metadata”r01_Data_Set_Title” gt
  “idinfo_citation_citeinfo_title”
• While using following command
• traverse all files
• foreach filename (_at_files)
• filename s////g change all forward
  slashes to back-slashed to match proper
  navigation
• print “nn. Decomposing “,
  basename(filename), “. n”
• Create structure to traverse XML schema.
  Before you go to the following value, however,
• we have to reset the hash value.
• tree XMLin(filename)
• metadata”rMissing” ”
• metadata”fileName” filename
• metadata”sMissing” ”
• foreach key (sort keys SearchList)
• print “key SearchListkeyn”
• Item FindItem(SearchListkey)
• print “Item Itemnn”

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National Mapping Precision Standards
For Scales 120,000 or greater .033 inches
Proportions of Map For Scales 120,000 or lower .02
inches Proportions of Map
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Sample Output from Supervised Techniques
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Chronbachs Alpha
Chronbachs alpha is computed using the amount of
respondents within the set, the variance from the data
and mean from the covariance between all people of
the set. While there’s no universal threshold
to find out data consistency, Hair et. al.
(1998) recommended the absolute minimum threshold between .6
and .7. According to Table 10, only one of those values
(Perceived Simplicity of use) is between .6 and .7
while two values (Perceived Effectiveness and
Attitude Towards Using) are between .7 and .8.
The Chronbachs Alpha constant for that Intention
to make use of component is .807, that is considered
excellent (Nunnally 1978). Given these values,
it may be surmised the questions posed for
the respondent ser
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Principal Components
To assist comprehend the individual factors that
lead to the potential inconsistency,
principal component analysis was performed on
each one of the individual inquiries to help
determine their potential contribution towards the
variability from the observed results. Four
factors were calculated, in line with the different
aspects of the study ideas to become
tested. After rotation, the Perceived Easy
Use taken into account 56.33 from the variance. The
Perceived Effectiveness components take into account
11.93, Attitude Towards Using taken into account
9.24 as the Intention to make use of factor accounted
for 7.04. Table 11 shows the products and factor
loadings for that individual factors. Finally,
another fundamental correlations were run between
potentially dependent factors for example sex and age
to assist determine their potential contribution to
the outcomes. However, no significant correlation
was discovered between participants age, gender and
even self-described GIS experience versus
dependent variables for example Perceived Easy
use, Perceived Effectiveness, Attitude and Intention
to make use of that’ll be utilized in the TAM analysis.
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Potential RS Attributes

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