Transcript and Presenter’s Notes

Title: Dissertation Defense

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Dissertation Defense

• Turning Information into Action Assessing and
  Reporting GIS Metadata Integrity Using Integrated
  Computing Technologies

Timothy Mulrooney

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Outline

• GIS Metadata Background
• The Issue
• Research Questions
• Methodology
• Testing and Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion

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GIS Data Details

• Most data possess a spatial element
• Most pricey element of GIS is data
  development

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What’s Metadata?
Driving while impaired in Winston-Salem
How Maybe you have Create These Data?
So What Can These Data Represent?
How can you Make contact with the one which
Manages the information?
When Were These Data Printed?
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The Issue

• Within the Single Metadata File
• Greater than 400 Elements
• 7 FGDC (according to CSDGM) Needed Elements
• 15 FGDC Recommended Elements
• 21 Other Interesting Elements
• These work
• 120 Databases
• 50 110 layers per database

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Research Questions

• How can mathematical methods affect GIS
  metadata to help the choice making process?

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Methodology

• Idea came to exist from mass population and extraction of
  metadata values
• Used ArcObjects/VBA
• Previous metadata extraction restricted to
• software applications
• operating-system
• Why done regularly?

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Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool (MART)
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Data Preparation

• Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting
  Language)
• Perl extracts facets of various XML metadata
  files and puts them into single CSV file

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FGDC Compliancy

• Test FGDC Compliancy
• Used Perl to determine if appropriate metadata
  elements were populated

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Data Analysis

• What descriptive metrics can best affect
  GIS metadata?
• Temporal Mean
• Temporal Median
• Converted big Endian format (ISO 8601) to ratio
  number, performed calculations then to
  date

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Data Analysis

• Use Perl and R programming language to
  dynamically assess quantitative and qualitative
  metadata fields
• R could be a language and atmosphere for record
  computing and graphics

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Is due to this Analysis
Average Horizontal Precision 104.3
Meters Temporal Mean 20020402
Average Horizontal Precision 31.7
Meters Temporal Mean 20071002
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Supervised Techniques

• Custom application acquainted with query database
  containing metadata information
• PHP language and MySQL database to question
  specifics of all data layers using web
  interface
• Enables you to definitely slowly move the buying process

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Not viewed Data Mining Techniques

• Manner of sorting through immeasureable understanding
  to be able to choose relevant information
• Rule Induction (Association Rule Mining)
• Uncover interesting relationships between
  variables
• Beer and Diapers example
• Integrate existing Perl ARM module with custom
  application to produce transaction table from
  which rules are derived.

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Transaction Table Creation

• Decomposition in the 2-dimensional array into
  1-dimension. For 890 layers and 43 attributes,
  you will observe 38,270 transactions
• The easiest method to express quantitative values in nominal or
  ordinal atmosphere (low, medium, high, location)
• The easiest method to express categorical data within
  transaction table

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MARTO-XML

• XML Standard acquainted with describe output from
  analysis (Metadata Assessment and Reporting Tool
  Output)

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Data Rendering

• Solutions are printed inside a web site
• Modules tied together using batch files
• New data and graphs are produced round the schedule
• Old data are archived
• New links established
• Saved and referenced from legacy XML files

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Testing

• Human Testing of 40 respondents using real GIS
  data on MART
• GIS professionals navigate is due to analysis
  in web atmosphere
• Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) acquainted with assess
  the effectiveness of fractional laser treatments

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Testing Atmosphere

• GIS database of 890 individual data layers
• Ran and printed output all aforementioned
  modules
• Surveyed 40 respondents for opinions across the
  applications convenience, effectiveness, potential
  utility along with the intention to make use of the program

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Testing FGDC Compliancy
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Temporal and Horizontal Precision
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Supervised Techiques

• Database from 890 data layers was queried having a
  web interface produced using PHP and dynamically
  produced HTML form elements
• Output was printed within the tabular HTML table with
  records satisfying the information query being printed

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Not viewed Techniques

• Search for patterns within the large transaction
  table within the support, confidence and strength
• Used an assistance Quantity of 2 (getting an assistance level
  of four, there’d be than 526,00 rules)
• For support level 2 and confidence of .7 (1
  antecedent and 1 consequence), 6204 rules were
  produced
• Solutions are printed within the .txt file

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Sample Rules Produced

• 67 1.000 Place_KeyNorth_Carolina gt
  GeoidNOT_FOUND
• 508 .992 Place_KeyForsyth_County gt
  Publication_DateMedium
• 32 .800 LocationNorthwest gt Publication_DateOl
  d
• 353 1.000 Data_ThemePublic_Safety gt
  EllipsoidNOT_FOUND
• 14 .824 Data_ThemeWetlands gt
  Publication_DateUnknown
• These rules together with supervised techniques
  can dictate allocation of sources and decisions
  later on

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Testing

• Technology Acceptance Model
• Uses survey-based queries to distinguish
  relationship in the technologys
• Perceived Convenience (PEOU)
• Perceived Effectiveness (PU)
• Attitude Towards Using (ATTIUDE)
• Intention to make use of (ITU)

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TAM Model Used

• H1 Perceived Convenience for MART includes a
  major effect across the Perceived Effectiveness of
  MART.
• H2 Perceived Convenience for MART includes a
  major effect across the Attitude Towards Using
  MART
• H3 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
  major effect across the Attitude Towards Using
  MART.
• H4 Perceived Effectiveness of MART includes a
  major impact on Intention to make use of MART.
• H5 Attitude towards using MART includes a
  major impact on Intention to make use of MART.

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TAM Question
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Precursory Analysis of individuals Taking Test
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Is due to Respondents

• People responded most positively towards the simplicity
  use
• Least positively for your intention to make use of

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Hypothesis Testing

• After performing Chronbachs alpha to discover
  reliability and PCA to describe variance,
  ideas were tested from categories of question
  present in general market trends.

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Hypothesis Testing
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Hypothesis Testing
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Explanation of Hypothesis Testing

• H3 not recognized Strong correlation between
  Perceived Convenience and Attitude Towards Using.
  Perceived Convenience is much more in the adding
  factor for your Attitude Towards Using than
  Perceived Effectiveness.
• H5 not recognized Respondents impression about
  free atmosphere in position to make use of
  MART, but was recognized at roughly 70 CI.

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Conclusions

• Growing schism between data creation that is
  assessment
• Metadata reinforces qc and quality
  assurance procedures utilized by a company
• We wish a method so everybody can assess various
  size metadata quickly
• MART serves to be able to evaluate GIS metadata
• MART provides a forum so users can speak with
  GIS metadata through getting an finish reason for supporting
  business decisions which ultimately save your time and
  money

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Conclusions

• Quantitative metadata elements for example FGDC
  compliancy, date and horizontal precision may be
  assessed using programming languages for example R
  and Perl
• Users can search GIS metadata using supervised
  techniques employing a web interface
• Association Rule Mining is pertinent to GIS
  metadata
• If given an option, users choose to query GIS
  metadata as opposed to receiving is due to
  not viewed techniques
• Using TAM, 3 from 5 research ideas
  supported at 95 CI
• According to user feedback, the implementation or
  interest in MART and free atmosphere within
  their It had been the best hindrance having a users
  intention to make use of MART

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Discussion

• Integration of MART along with other types of
  geo-referenced data
• Remotely thought data and ortho-imagery
  (Laboratory for Advanced It
  and Standards)
• TINs
• Topologies
• Relationship Classes
• Stand-alone tables
• Metadata and proprietary format
• Usability with current GIS software
• VBA / ArcObjects to alter metadata in BLOB
  format to XML for ESRI software
• Various Accuracies within MART
• Temporal and Horizontal
• Attribute
• Logical Consistency
• Semantic

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Discussion

• Interestingness problem
• 6,204 rules at support level 2 and confidence of
  .7
• Cardinality of understanding
• 43 attributes. 6,204 rules
• 6 attributes. 73 rules
• Attributes selected were Data Theme, Location,
  Horizontal Precision, Publication Date,
  Responsible Party, Metadata POC
• TAM Methodology different types and ideas
  might be suggested
• Presentation of not viewed techniques to a text
  file. Web atmosphere is a lot more helpful
• Knowledge of outdoors source atmosphere

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• Questions or Comments?

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Decomposition of XML File Using Perl

• metadata”r01_Data_Set_Title” gt
  “idinfo_citation_citeinfo_title”
• When using the following command
• traverse all files
• foreach filename (_at_files)
• filename s////g change all forward
  slashes to back-slashed to enhance proper
  navigation
• print “nn. Decomposing “,
  basename(filename), “. n”
• Create structure to traverse XML schema.
  Before going for the following value, however,
• we have to reset the hash value.
• tree XMLin(filename)
• metadata”rMissing” ”
• metadata”fileName” filename
• metadata”sMissing” ”
• foreach key (sort keys SearchList)
• print “key SearchListkeyn”
• Item FindItem(SearchListkey)
• print “Item Itemnn”

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National Mapping Precision Standards
For Scales 120,000 or greater .033 inches
Proportions of Map For Scales 120,000 or lower .02
inches Proportions of Map
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Sample Output from Supervised Techniques
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Chronbachs Alpha
Chronbachs alpha is computed using the amount of
respondents within the set, the variance within the data
and mean within the covariance between everyone of
the set. While there’s no universal threshold
to uncover data consistency, Hair et. al.
(1998) recommended minimum threshold between .6
and .7. According to Table 10, one of individuals values
(Perceived Convenience) is between .6 and .7
while two values (Perceived Effectiveness and
Attitude Towards Using) are between .7 and .8.
The Chronbachs Alpha constant for the Intention
to make use of component is .807, that’s considered
excellent (Nunnally 1978). Given these values,
it may be surmised the questions posed for
the respondent ser
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Principal Components
To assist be aware of individual factors that
increase the risk for potential inconsistency,
principal component analysis was performed on
all of the individual queries to help
determine their potential contribution for that
variability within the observed results. Four
factors were calculated, while using different
areas of the study tips to become
tested. After rotation, the Perceived Easy
Use considered 56.33 within the variance. The
Perceived Effectiveness components consider
11.93, Attitude Towards Using considered
9.24 since the Intention to make use of factor accounted
for 7.04. Table 11 shows these items and factor
loadings for the individual factors. Finally,
another fundamental correlations were run between
potentially dependent factors for example sex and age
to assist determine their potential contribution to
the outcome. However, no significant correlation
was discovered between participants age, gender and
even self-described GIS experience versus
dependent variables for example Perceived Easy
use, Perceived Effectiveness, Attitude and Intention
to make use of which is based in the TAM analysis.
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Potential RS Attributes

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