In citing electronic sources, you need to to begin with continue with the same general rules for printed sources, because the following demonstration of a mention of a product contained across the (vast) Gallica site within the Bibliothèque nationale de France signifies:

• the specific author combined with the written text reported must be succumbed full, e.g. Louis de Bonald, Économie politique. p. x.
• next, you need to cite the specific website or web service that gives the building blocks, e.g. Website: BNF Gallica
• next, you need to cite the web link for the origin itself
• finally, you need to give you the date that you just last utilized this URL

An entire reference would thus look similar to this:

Louis de Bonald, Économie politique (Paris, J.-P. Migne, 1859), p. x. Website: BNF Gallica.
URL: gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=N023496T=. Last consulted: 12 December 2001.

Your bibliography should also record this info, combined with full publication facts about any printed work reported. This is often a further example:

Website: Calendrier plusieurs spectacles sous l’Ancien Régime (Craig Russell, Oxford Brookes College). URL: foires.internet/cal/cal.shtml. Last consulted: 12 December 2001.

To find out more, consult the next sources.

Your bibliography should estimate the final outcome in the essay, and could give information concerning authors, titles and publication details for people primary and secondary works used:

Baudelaire, Charles, L’ensemble plusieurs Fleurs du mal. erection disorder. by C. Pichois (Paris, Gallimard, 1996)

——, Le Spleen de Paris. erection disorder.

by D. Scott and B. Wright (Paris, Garnier-Flammarion, 1987)

Auerbach, Erich, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. tr. by W. Trask (Princeton, Princeton College Press, 1953)

Bersani, Leo, Baudelaire and Freud (Berkeley, College of California Press, 1977)

Laforgue, Pierre, ‘Baudelaire, Hugo et la royauté du poète: le romantisme en 1860’, Revue d’histoire littéraire en France. 96 (1996), 966–82

Pichois, Claude, Baudelaire. tr. by Graham Robb (London, Hamish Hamilton, 1989)

Thélot, Jérôme, Baudelaire: violence et poésie (Paris, Gallimard, 1993)

The next points must be noted:

• within the situation connected getting a item printed as being a book, the location of publication, author and date must be given
• in which a text is reported, the specific editor must be given, similar to the types of texts by Baudelaire above
• the titles of books or of journals are frequently printed in italics (or just underlined, in situation your essay is presented by hands)
• where articles is reported, its title must be succumbed single speech marks, along with the volume number, year of publication and precise page references is deserving of.

Work needs to be printed across the stated deadline. Under certain conditions (e.g. certified illness) more hours might be granted using the lecturer concerned. Your essay must have a product cover-sheet:

Student number: 99999999

Language and Cultural Studies French II

FR2202: Literary seminar I

Lecturer: Dr Untel

Date of submission: 30 The month from the month of the month of january 2002

Note the next points:

• you need to write your company, your degree programme and year together with your student number clearly within your essay
• its also wise to write the name along with the course code within the module the essay forms part (e.g. FR2501: French thought along with the good status for ideas I: Political thought)
• you’re needed to submit two copies of each essay (one of these brilliant might be a photocopy) one copy within the essay will most likely be came back to suit your needs.

Among the key highlights of the study into French is writing: in every single year within the programme, there’s a chance to operate on seminar presentations and essays, creating a foreign exchange account in the specific theme or subject — and you will thus develop skills in argument as well as the effective organization and communication in the ideas.

An essay draws on your own personal thinking and writing, and involves close discussion within the texts along with other materials with you have been working. All essays are written obtaining a particular question or subject inside your ideas and relevance for that subject could be a primary reliance upon a effective essay. When the subject requires you to definitely certainly certainly write, say, regarding the dramatic impact of Racine’s Athalie. don’t deal in depth while using the theme of courtly corruption when the essay titles specifies, say, you need to discuss word-order as being a feature of French syntax, you’ll most likely stray inside the subject in case you begin to write in depth about regional variations in utilizing French.

An essay supplies a reasoned justification in the perspective. Try and present your opinions in a orderly way. You should employ relevant examples to warrant precisely what you are making. In reaching your conclusion, you need to aim to consider objections on your own argument. Its also wise to consider alternative conclusions: does your conclusion present probably most likely probably the most likely explanation?

Be precise in your use of texts to warrant your perspective. Make certain that any claims you are making regarding the text are true. If you use quotes, ensure they strengthen your argument. Avoid retelling the storyplot. An essay is a touch independent work. It’ll involve the invention and make use of of relevant information. In your essays, you might like to use a variety of sources, such as the texts with you have been working, other relevant texts, and significant works. Furthermore to quoting easily available works, you might like to cite them (essentially, create a brief reference without quoting).

Persuasive writing demands apparent and concise expression. Be apparent, precise and consistent in your technique terms in your argument (e.g. irony, classical, diegetic, popular, metalanguage, determiner).

What can cause all quotes and citations must be clearly noted in your essay. Your essay should also give a bibliography, or even an alphabetical set of all texts and sources reported. Your essay will most likely be assessed partly using the relevance along with the cogency of the usage of your sources. Therefore, it’s most imperative that you acknowledge all of your sources. Systematic failure to accomplish this leads to plagiarism, or unacknowledged technique words or ideas of others. Patent plagiarism will justify a fail mark (in outstanding instances, an indication of zero).

On your quest together with your writing, therefore, you have to consider your use of sources. Finding relevant information to help your analysis and argument is most likely the important thing skills that you can acquire in your work — for further guidance, understand the page centered on French subject and understanding sources. When studying texts or critical works, you need to be certain to used in information page references for ideas to which you have to discuss, or passages that you simply transcribe afterwards. If you work with a concept or that you simply quote from another source, you have to acknowledge this use by offering the title within the are employed in question along with a precise page reference, that may refer, similar to the instance below, having a page-range:

Thélot’s discussion within the poem, however, stresses its paradoxical characteristics (see Baudelaire: violence et poésie. pp. 378–81), a view that allows us to provide an infinitely more persuasive account from the opening.

It is not always essential to quote within the critical source, in every situation that you choose someone else’s ideas, you have to acknowledge you’ve transported out this. By collecting points produced in lectures, you need to tell them by along with a reference within the footnote. Ensure also to provide references for factual statements:

Baudelaire was billed of offence to public morality plus it was fined 300 francs (see Pichois, Baudelaire. p. 232).

An essay could be a carefully structured write-up. Make an effort to communicate clearly and make certain to make use of paragraph breaks allowing readers to look into the flow in the ideas. In your written work, you need to try to be legible. If you use an issue processor. it might be useful to make a preliminary draft in the essay by hands.

Brief quotes from texts or any other works must be created having a colon and enclosed within speech marks, the following: ‘ Hypocrite lecteur, mon semblable, mon frère!’. You need to be sure to ensure that the quotes (including accentuation and punctuation) are accurate. Longer quotes (i.e. more than about forty words) might be trigger (observe to create quotes off whenever using an issue-processor). During this situation, no speech marks are very important:

Sois sage, ô ma Douleur, et tiens-toi plus tranquille.
Tu réclamais le Soir il descend le voici:
Une atmosphère obscure enveloppe la ville,
Aux uns portant la paix, aux autres le souci.

Baudelaire, ‘Recueillement’, L’ensemble plusieurs Fleurs du mal. ll.1–4

The building blocks of quotes must be incorporated in your essay, preferably in notes inside the foot within the page or possibly the conclusion within the essay (see advice online on the way to insert footnotes whenever using an issue-processor). You have to take sure more specifically in transcribing quotes from texts (and mild to incorporate accents in quotes from French — continue with the info on inserting accents whenever using an issue-processor).

You need to be certain to present the titles in the sources full-length works, poems, essays, articles in as apparent a technique as possible. You will see in critical works the title in the jobs are italicized, so that you can distinguish, say, in the character within the text along with the text itself: ‘Athalie is clearly probably most likely probably the most awesome estimate Athalie ‘. In case you write your essay by hands, you need to underline the titles of full-length works: Madame Bovary. Phèdre. L’ensemble plusieurs Fleurs du mal. L’Amant. This convention must be used also with critical works together journals: Mimesis. Modern French Drama. Figures. French Studies. References for the work quoted or reported have an online prescence reference:

Auerbach argues that types of representation can often mean the fragmentation of reality into glare of countless individual consciousnesses ( Mimesis. p. 551).

The titles of shorter works, or parts of a little, or of articles, receive in speech marks, similar to the instance from Baudelaire above, or perhaps the following:

‘Le voyage’ may be the closing poem in L’ensemble plusieurs Fleurs du mal.

Helpful sources are more and more more available online — see again the assistance with French subject and understanding sources. Your use of such sources needs to be documented, such as your use of books and articles, say, needs to be.

Now, the citation of materials maintained online presents certain problems, partly because Uniform Resource Locators (or URLs, or typical web ‘addresses’ within the form internet.ucc.ie/french/ ) give information precisely on locations, instead of usually which data may have, or its title. Generally, therefore, you need to give you the title within the website (as indicated on its home or primary page) combined with name within the page that you simply are citing, combined with URL. Because URLs aren’t absolutely persistent (data may disappear, or possibly the page reported may move to a new location, even without altering its content), its also wise to give you the date that you just last known the file or page. Generally, the title in the page is exactly what seems within the title bar in the browser: