Don’t know impressive write-up? Good authors plan and revise, arrange and delete text, re-studying and producing multiple drafts before they produce their finished document. And this is what a procedure writing approach is all about.

• What’s process writing?

• Why teachers be considering a procedure method of writing?

• The altering roles of teacher and students

• What stages exist along the way method of writing?

• Classroom activities

• The need for feedback

• Writing as communication

• Potential issues

• Further studying

What’s process writing?
The procedure approach treats all writing as being a creative act which requires serious amounts of positive feedback to obtain been effective. In process writing, the teacher moves from being someone who sets students a writing subject and will get the finish result for correction with no intervention within the writing process itself.

Why teachers be considering a procedure method of writing?
White-colored-colored-colored and Arntd condition that concentrating on language errors ‘improves neither grammatical precision nor writing fluency’ and they also suggest rather that getting to cover focus on what the students say could have a noticable improvement in writing.

Research also ensures that feedback is much more helpful between drafts, not when it’s carried out the final outcome within the task carrying out a students hands in their composition to obtain marked. Corrections written on compositions came back for that student carrying out a process has finished appear to accomplish little to improve student writing.

The altering roles of teacher and students
The teacher must avoid just like a marker having a readers, answering the information of student writing greater than the shape.

Students must be requested to consider audience: Who’s the writing for? How much does this readers have to know? Students must also understand that anything they put reduced writing may be altered: Things may be deleted, added, restructured, reorganised, etc.

What stages exist along the way method of writing?
Although there are many way of approaching process writing, it may be damaged lower into three stages:

Pre-writing
The teacher must stimulate students’ creativeness, to get them thinking how to deal with a writing subject. During this stage, the important thing factor may be the flow of ideas, which is not always vital that students really produce much (or no) written work. After they do, your teacher often leads with advice on the way to grow their initial ideas.

Focusing ideas
In this particular stage, students write with little focus on the precision in the work or possibly the organisation. The important thing feature is meaning. Here, the teacher (or any other students) should focus on the content
within the writing. Will it be coherent? Maybe there is anything missing? Anything extra?

Evaluating, structuring and editing
The writing is tailored having a readership. Students should focus a little more about form as well as on creating a finished bit of content. The teacher can deal with error correction and offer organisational advice.

Classroom activities
Workout for classroom activities connected while using stages above:

• Brainstorming
  Getting began can be hard, so students separated into groups rapidly produce words and concepts regarding the writing.

• Planning
  Students create a plan within the writing just before beginning. Diets may be compared and discussed in groups before writing happens.

• Generating ideas
  Discovery tasks for example cubing (students write rapidly in regards to the subject in six different ways – they:
  • 1. describe it
  • 2. compare it
  • 3. affiliate it
  • 4. evaluate it
  • 5. utilize it
  • 6. argue for or against it.

• Questioning
  In groups, the concept should be to generate plenty of questions on the subject. It can help students focus upon audience since they consider what the readers need to know. The resolution individuals questions will in the foundation for the composition.

• Discussion and debate
  The teacher helps students with topics, helping them develop ideas within the positive and galvanizing way.

Focusing idea s

• Fast writing
  Students write rapidly about the subject for 5 to 10 minutes without getting to concern yourself with correct language or punctuation. Writing as rapidly as possible, after they cannot consider an issue they leave a location or write it in their own individual personal language. The key factor factor should be to keep writing. Later this text is revised.

• Group compositions
  Cooperating in groups, discussing ideas. This collaborative writing is particularly valuable because it involves other skills (speaking particularly.)

• Altering viewpoints
  A great writing activity to look at employment-play or storytelling activity. Different students distinct perspectives and consider /discuss what this character would write within the diary, witness statement, etc.

• Different form
  Like the activity above, but rather of several viewpoints, different text types are selected. Would the writing differ whether it were written as being a letter, or maybe a newspaper article, etc.

Evaluating, Structuring and Editing

• Ordering
  Students make notes written within the pre-writing activities above and organise them. Exactly what do come first? Why? Here you’re going easier to tell them to begin with information shown to your potential customers before moving onto what the readers doesn’t know.

• Self-editing
  A great author must learn to evaluate their unique language – to improve through checking their unique text, looking for errors, structure. That way students will finish off better authors.

• Peer editing and proof-studying
  Here, the manuscripts are interchanged along with the evaluation is completed by other students. Within the real existence, very common for authors to check out buddies and colleagues to judge texts for spelling, etc. You might ask students to lessen the manuscripts, to edit them, focusing on the important thing information.

The need for feedback
It requires lots of time to produce, therefore it is just fair that student writing is taken proper proper care of immediately suitably. Positive comments might help build student confidence making good feeling for the next writing class. It can also help when the readers is not only the teacher. Class magazines, swapping letters along with other classes, etc. can offer a simple strategy to offering a geniune audience.

Writing as communication
Process writing could be a avoid students conntacting test their language for your communication of ideas, feelings and encounters. It takes more classroom time is used on writing, speculate the formerly outlined activities show, there is not only writing happening inside a session dedicated to process writing.

Potential issues
Writing could be a complex process and can result in learner frustration. Similar to speaking, you have to provide you with a supportive atmosphere for the students and become patient. This method needs more hours be used on writing in class, but as you can tell, don’t assume all classroom time is spent really writing.
Students might also react negatively to reworking exactly the same material, speculate extended because the activities are varied along with the objectives apparent, they’ll frequently accept transporting this out. Within the extended term, both you and your students will begin to recognise the requirement of a procedure writing approach their written work improves.

Further Studying
Hedge T 1988 Writing Oxford College Press
Krashen SD Writing. Research, theory and applications Pergamon Press
Kroll B 1990 Second Language Writing. Research insights for the classroom Cambridge College Press
Raimes A 1983 Techniques to teaching writing Oxford College Press
White-colored-colored-colored R V Arndt 1991 Process Writing Longman

Printed by Graham Stanley, British Council, Barcelona