Abstract

The current study was design to research the standards affecting academic performance of graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. The variables in mind were the educational performance (student’s grades/marks) like a dependent variable and also the gender, age, faculty of study, schooling, father/protector social economic status, and residential area, medium of schooling tuition trend, daily study hrs and accommodation trend were independent variables. The information were collected from 100 students through separate structured questionnaire from various departments of Islamia College of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus while using simple random sampling technique. For analysis, straight line regression model, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis were utilised. The findings says age, father/protector social economic status and daily study hrs considerably lead the educational performance of graduated pupils. A straight line model seemed to be suggested that’ll be useful to enhance the educational performance of graduated pupils at College level.

Keywords: academic performance, public sector, school education, medium of instruction

American Journal of Educational Research. 2013 1 (8), pp 283-289.
DOI: 10.12691/education-1-8-3

Received June 22, 2013 Revised This summer 30, 2013 Recognized August 01, 2013

2013 Science and Education Publishing. All Legal rights Reserved.

Cite this short article:

• Ali, Shoukat, et al. “Factors Adding towards the Students Academic Performance: A Situation Study of Islamia College Sub-Campus.” American Journal of Educational Research 1.8 (2013): 283-289.

• Ali, S. Haider, Z. Munir, F. Khan, H. & Ahmed, A. (2013). Factors Adding towards the Students Academic Performance: A Situation Study of Islamia College Sub-Campus. American Journal of Educational Research. 1 (8), 283-289.

• Ali, Shoukat, Zubair Haider, Fahad Munir, Hamid Khan, and Awais Ahmed. “Factors Adding towards the Students Academic Performance: A Situation Study of Islamia College Sub-Campus.” American Journal of Educational Research 1, no. 8 (2013): 283-289.

1. Introduction

Students academic gain and learning performance is impacted by numerous factor including gender, age, teaching faculty, students schooling, father/protector social economic status, residential section of students, medium of instructions in schools, tuition trend, daily study hour and accommodation as hostelries or day scholar. Many researchers conducted detailed studies concerning the factors adding student performance at different study levels. Graetz (1995) recommended “A student educational success contingent heavily on social status of student’s parents/ guardians within the society. Considine and Zappala (2002) observed exactly the same that parent’s earnings or social status positively affects a student test score in examination. Based on Minnesota (2007) “the greater education performance is based upon the educational performance of graduated pupils. Durden and Ellis quoted Staffolani and Bratti, (2002) observed that “the measurement of scholars previous educational outcomes are the most crucial indicators of scholars future achievement, this refers that because the greater previous appearance, better the student’s academic performance later on endeavours.

Large amount of research has been conducted in students achievement which studies identify and evaluate the amount of factors affecting the educational performance from the student in school, college as well as at college level. Their finding identify students’ effort, previous schooling, parent’s educational background, family earnings, self motivation of scholars, chronilogical age of student, learning preferences and entry qualification of scholars as vital factors which have impact on student’s academic performance in numerous setting. The utility of those studies is based on the necessity to undertake corrective measures that enhance the academic performance of graduated pupils.

It’s generally assumed the students who demonstrated better or greater performance within the beginning classes of the studies also performed better later on academic years at degree level. Everybody could be surprised with this particular assumption if it may be demonstrated scientifically. In the latter decades it’s been observed considerably that there’s welcome addition in research literature and review material associated with indicators of educational achievement with much focus on this dialogue, whether traditional achievement measures of educational performance would be best determinants of future academic gain at college or greater level or innovative measures. However, it’s also observed that lots of they aren’t accept this view point or statement. Reddy and Talcott (2006) looks disagree using these assumptions that future academic gains are resolute by preceding performance. Within their research around the relationship between previous academic performance and subsequent achievement at college level, they discovered that students learning or their studies at graduate level and also the score guaranteed didn’t predict any academic achievement at college level. Additionally they reported Pearson and Manley (1978) who observed that overall grade association of just .28 between graduate level marks and college degree achievement.

It’s also confirmed in study regarding Or Condition College (2003) on graduate admissions that ordinary measures of educational potential and academic performance for example senior high school GPA (Gpa) scores demonstrated only 30% from the deviation in initial or beginning (first) year at school. You should observe that even these studies don’t accept the previous studies who explored that previous achievement modify the future performance from the students in studies, they confirmed the admission scores are based on academic performance at college level but to some low extent. McDonald et.al (2001) also recommended the lots of graduate level studies still beat every other single way of measuring cognitive aptitude in predicting success at college level.

Parent’s socio-economic condition, including parents’ academic and professional qualification, revenue and work-related affiliation, can also be connected with academic gain of scholars. The outcomes of numerous studies confirmed that academic achievement of scholars depends upon parent’s socio-economic condition. Therefore the students belonging from greater social economical backgrounds will work much better than other students connected with low social economic backgrounds. “Social and economical status of student is usually based on mixing parents’ qualification, occupation and earnings standard” (Jeynes, 2002). Among many scientific studies conducted on academic achievement, it’s not very surprising to look at that Socio-economic status is among the primary elements studied while predicting academic performance.

Graetz (1995) conducted research on socio-economic status from the parents of scholars and figured the socio economic background includes a great effect on student’s academic performance, primary supply of educational imbalance among students and student’s academic success contingent very strongly on parent’s socio economic standard. Considine and Zappala (2002) also getting exactly the same views as Graetz (1995), within their study the influence of social and economic downside to the educational performance of faculty students observed, in which the parents or guardians have social, educational and economical advantage certainly strengthen the greater level success later on. But it’s also noted these parents offer sufficient mental and emotional shore as much as their kids by supplying good educational and learning atmosphere that leave confidence and also the improvement of skills required for success.

On other hands Pedrosa et.al (2006) within their study social and academic background stated individuals students who mostly originate from deprived socio-economic and academic background performed relatively much better than others originating from greater socio-economic and academic area. They named this phenomena educational elasticity. It’s apparent and correct that the factors for categorizing socio-economic standard in numerous countries will vary depending of the norms and values. The factors for low socio-economic status for developed country will change in the criteria of third world countries and same come in the situation of developing and under developing countries. “The total earnings of households, monthly or yearly as well as their expenses also place a great impact on the training and academic possibilities available to youngsters as well as their likelihood of educational success. In addition, also, he pointed that because of residential stratification and segregation, the scholars owned by low-earnings backgrounds usually attend schools with lower funding levels, which situation reduced achievement motivation from the students and chance of educational malfunction later on existence endeavors” (Escarce, 2003).

Considine Zappala (2002) observed that youngsters originates from individuals families getting low earnings show more subsequent models when it comes to learning outcomes low literacy level, low retention rate, problems in class conduct and much more difficulty within their studies and mostly display negative attitude towards studies and college. The vista reason for Considine and Zappala is much more strengthen with this statement of Eamon, Based on Eamon (2005) “Those students usually emerge from low socio-economic status or area show low performance in studies and acquired low scores than the other students or their counter parts”.

It’s also assumed that youngsters learning outcome and academic performance are strongly impacted by the conventional and kind of educational institution by which students obtain education. The academic atmosphere from the school one attends sets the parameters of students’ learning outcomes. Considine and Zappala (2002) quoted Sparkles (1999) demonstrated that schools atmosphere and teachers expectations using their students also provide strong affect on student performance. The majority of the teachers employed in poor schools or schools getting run lacking fundamental facilities frequently have low performance expectations using their students so when students realize that their teachers have low performance expectations from their store, hence it results in poor performance through the students. Kwesiga (2002) approved that performance from the students can also be affected by the college that they studied but also, he stated time of facilities a college offers usually determine the caliber of the college, which modify the performance and accomplishment of their students. Sentamu (2003) reason that schools influence educational process in content organization, teacher and teaching learning as well as in the finish look at the all. Each one of these educationists and researchers agreed with this particular principle that schools put strong impact on academic performance and academic attainment of scholars.

Students from elite schools are anticipated to do good simply because they attend these elite schools and also the primary cause of is the fact that these schools are often very wealthy in sources and facilities. Some scientific study has the vista that school possession and also the available funds in schools do indeed influenced the performance from the student. Crosne and Elder (2004) observed that school possession, provision of facilities and accessibility to sources in class is a vital structural element of the college. Private schools because of the better funding, smaller portions, serious possession, motivated faculty and use of sources for example computers perform much better than public schools. These extra funding sources and facilities present in private schools enhance academic performance and academic attainment of the students. It’s also very pleasing that students from Govt schools universites and colleges in Punjab Pakistan are supplying the laptops through the Punjab Government, so the students could communicate with the world and know of the latest developments and innovations.

It’s figured the kind of schools by which students studies greatly influence the academic performance and academic achievement from the students. Miller and Birch (2007) summarized the views of numerous investigator and educationist within their study the influence of senior high school attended on college performance. This research allow the research scholars to hypothesize the background towards the students positively correlates using the academic attainment of graduated pupils.

1. H = typically the educational performance of men and women student are equal.

2. H = typically the educational performance of graduated pupils regarding their schooling perspectives or background (i.e. Government /Private) are equal.

3. H = typically the educational performance of graduated pupils regarding their residential area (i.e. Urban /Rural) are equal.

4. H = typically the educational performance of graduated pupils regarding their medium of instruction in class (i.e. British /Urdu) are equal.

5. H = typically the educational performance of graduated pupils regarding their accommodation (i.e. Hostelries/Day Scholar) are equal.

2. Research Methodology

Within this practice a straight line type of graduate student performance was created. graduate student academic performance was taken like a dependent variable and gender, age, faculty of study, schooling, father/protector social economic status, residential area, medium of schooling, tuition, study hour and accommodation being an independent variables. All graduates students in Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. The sample contain (n=100) graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus.

Simple random sampling technique was used in the choosing the sample in the targeted population. The investigator personally visited the respondents and completed the questionnaires so the true responses might be acquired. The investigator use close ended questionnaires since the human population is literate and enormous and here we are at collecting information is limited. Data from Questionnaires was compiled, sorted, edited, classified and coded in to the coding sheet of SPSS 13. (version) and Microsoft Stand out 2007.

The regression operates to fit the straight line regression. For correlation analysis the correlation function built-in Microsoft Stand out 2007. For testing the hypothesis the academic performance of graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus varies with gender using built-in t-test function in SPSS. Graphs are built using Microsoft Stand out 2007 graphical functions.

3. Discussion and Results

Because the significant two tailed value (p-value) is more than 5%, so we don’t reject the null hypothesis and conclude at statistically the performance of graduate student don’t vary with accommodation either they live in hostel or living in their homes. Hostel existence may be advantageous it provide atmosphere or peer study group however in results its effect isn’t significant on student’s performance.

4. Conclusion

The descriptive analysis implies that 49% are female and 51% are male graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. 26% graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus schooling background from private sector and 74% from government sector. 16% graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus fit in with province and 84% fit in with urban area. 29% graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus done their developing schooling from British medium schools and 71% from Urdu medium schools. 10% graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus got tuition and 90% don’t get tuition. 12% graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus are hostelries and 88% are day scholar.

For that regression analysis we use Microsoft Stand out 2007. We required student academic performance (Test Score) like a dependent variable and gender, age, faculty of study, schooling, father/protector social economic status, residential area, medium of schooling, tuition, study hour and accommodation as independent variables. After fitting the model (see, section 4.2) we conclude the age, earnings and hour are statistically significant. This factor says the college or government should look at the following factors (age, earnings and hour). The outcome of additional factors might also on academic performance (Test Score) but it’s not strongly significant and then we should exclude from model.

The correlation analysis shows age, earnings and hour have significant role in increasing the student performance of graduate student. We compute the effectiveness of association between dependent and independent variables (age, earnings and hour). The outcomes reveal that (see, section 4.3) the exam score and age have negative correlation. It’s because the majority of the student studying in Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus began graduation late, simply because they already busy in transporting their job. The next is earnings degree of parent supporting their kids. We realize that there’s positive relationship between earnings and student performance (test score). What this means is the parents getting high earnings reason for high test score. Studying is among the most significant factors affecting a student scores. The correlation strength among test score and focus hour is positive and more than age and earnings factor. In a nutshell we rank the association degree of different independent variable with academic performance as follow: age on first position, earnings on 2 nd position and hour on next position correspondingly.

We test the hypothesis the academic performance of graduated pupils of Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus varies with gender, schooling, and residential area, medium of schooling and accommodation the following

We condition our hypothesis as:

H0 = typically the educational performance of graduate student regarding gender (i.e. Male/Female), schooling (i.e. Government /Private), residential area (i.e. Urban /Rural), medium of instruction (i.e. British /Urdu) and accommodation (i.e. Hostelries /Day Scholar) are equal.

H1 = typically the educational performance of graduate student regarding gender (i.e. Male/Female), schooling (i.e. Government /Private), residential area (i.e. Urban /Rural), medium of schooling (i.e. British /Urdu) and accommodation (i.e. Hostelries /Day Scholar) aren’t equal.

Because the significant two tailed values (p-values=.771, =.391 and =.12) is more than 5%, so we don’t reject the null hypothesis and conclude at statistically the performance of graduate student don’t vary with gender, residential area and accommodation. Because the significant two tailed values (p-values=.02 and =.007) is under 5%, therefore we reject the null hypothesis and conclude at statistically the performance of graduate student vary with schooling and medium of schooling.

Recommendation

As this study just for Islamia College of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. Therefore its results might be exterior valid. It is recommended that this research ought to be conducted in a wide degree of Pakistan, to ensure that its result grew to become valid for whole country.

References

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